THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES (168 page)

Thatcher, Margaret Hilda (1925– ): British prime minister (1979 – 1990),
222
,
256
,
339
,
356
,
633
,
637
,
667
,
685
,
687
,
875

Thirty Years' War (1618 – 1648): religious war that raged within the Holy Roman Empire and eventually drew all of Europe into the conflict,
17
,
21 – 2
,
41
,
54
,
69
,
72
,
91
,
106 – 7
,
109 – 10
,
113 – 4
,
116 – 20
,
125
,
133
,
136
,
143
,
173
,
202
,
279
,
295
,
334
,
344
,
346

Throckmorton conspiracy (1583): conspiracy to murder Queen Elizabeth,
497

Thucydides (c. 460 B.C.-400 B.C.): Greek general and historian;
wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War,
21
,
23
,
30
,
81
,
332
,
334
,
511
,
830
,
831
,
894
,
898

Tibet,
470

Tilly, Charles,
96
,
115
,
174
,
334
,
469

Tirpitz, Alfred von (1849 – 1930): German admiral; directed submarine warfare in World War I,
382

Tito, Marshal (also Josip Broz) (1892 – 1980): Yugoslav communist partisan leader in World War II, first secretary-general of Yugoslavian Communist Party (1936 – 1980);
president (1953 – 1980);
Non-Aligned Movement leader,
418 – 438
,
447 – 8
,
478

Tojo, Hideki (1885 – 1948): Japanese general, and Fascist prime minister (1941 – 1944),
37
,
844

Tokugawa regime (1603 – 1867): held the shogunate and controlled Japan,
41
,
42

Tonelson, Alan,
246
,
248
,
250
,
846 – 7

Torcy, Jean-Baptiste Colbert,
Marquis de (1665 – 1746): French secretary of state at Utrecht negotiations,
128
,
522 – 5

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918): World War I peace treaty between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers,
28
,
572

Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559): signed by France, Spain, and England; ended the sixty-year conflict between Spain and France begun in the Italian Wars,
487
,
489
,
520

Tudjman, Franco (1922 – 1999): Croatian nationalist leader;
first president of independent Croatia (1991 – 1999),
419 – 20
,
446

Tushnet, Mark,
229
,
845
,
853
,
900

Tuzla: U.N. designated “safe area” in Bosnia,
424
,
426
,
435
,
442

“two and one-half” war scenario (also 2MRC—Major Regional Conflicts):
U.S. policy of preparedness to fight two major regional conflicts and a smaller intervention simultaneously,
248

Ukraine,
253
,
280
,
635
,
683 – 4
,
746 – 7
,
750
,
759
,
763
,
766
,
799
,
880

unitary executive,
236

United Nations (U.N.),
43
,
45
,
51 – 2
,
54
,
96
,
169
,
267
,
298
,
319
,
356
,
360
,
364
,
384
,
416
,
421
,
423
,
430
,
434
,
437
,
445
,
449
,
451
,
458 – 9
,
471
,
473 – 4

Unprofor (United Nations Protection Force in former Yugoslavia),
443
,
445
,
458 – 62

Ustaša: Croatian Fascist paramilitaries,
417

Vance, Cyrus (1917 – 2002): U.S. secretary of state (1977 – 1980);
co-developer of Vance-Owen Plan,
421
,
423
,
862

Vance-Owen Plan,
423
,
425
,
436
,
440
,
457
,
464
,
862

Vattel, Emerich de (1714 – 1767): Swiss diplomat who drew attention to Wolff's theories of international law,
131
,
528
,
531 – 7
,
839
,
868 – 9
,
900

Venice,
83 – 4
,
90
,
120
,
159
,
488
,
561

Viet Nam War,
8 – 9
,
19
,
24
,
31
,
44
,
55
,
58 – 9
,
213
,
254
,
278
,
292
,
297
,
301
,
320
,
394
,
655
,
747
,
760
,
766
,
783 – 4
,
835
,
882

Viner, Jacob (1892 – 1970): American economics professor,
12

Vitoria, Francisco de (1492 – 1546): Franciscan monk often called the father of international law,
489 – 92
,
641
,
864 – 5
,
877
,
900

Vojvodina: formerly a semi-autonomous province in Serbia with large Hungarian population,
418 – 9
,
422

Voltaire (pseudonym of François Marie Arouet) (1694 – 1778): French philosopher, and satirist; a leading intellectual of the Enlightenment,
131
,
839

Wallenstein, Albrecht Eusebius Wenzel von (1583 – 1634): Austrian (Bohemian-born) warlord in Thirty Years' War; suppressed Bohemian revolt (1618 – 1620),
71
,
111
,
115

Waltz, Kenneth,
263
,
683 – 4
,
847
,
882
,
900

Warren, Earl (1891 – 1974): chief justice of U.S. Supreme Court (1954 – 1969),
238

wars of Louis XIV (1667 – 1714),
334

Wars of the French Revolution/Napoleonic Wars (1792 – 1815): pitted France against all the other major states of Europe, sometimes in coalition, sometimes alone,
41
,
146
,
175
,
203
,
346

Wars of the Italian Peninsula (1494 – 1559):
succession of regional wars instigated by the great powers of Europe in order to control the Italian states;
the French invasion of Italy spurred the transition from the rule of princes to that of princely states and the formation of the modern state,
334

Watergate Affair (1972 – 1974): political scandal growing out of 1972 U.S. presidential election that led to the resignation of U.S. president Richard Nixon,
322
,
763

Watson, Adam,
77
,
358
,
488
,
835 – 9
,
853–4
,
864
,
890
,
899 – 900

Weber, Max (1864 – 1920): philosopher of social science,
100
,
829
,
837
,
900

Wedgwood, C. V.,
120
,
508
,
831
,
838
,
866
,
900
,
902

Weinberger Doctrine (of U.S. intervention),
296 – 8
,
317
,
803

Wellington, (Arthur Wellesley), Duke of (1769 – 1852): British general and statesman; defeated French in Spain and subsequently at Waterloo (1815);
British prime minister (1828 – 1830),
151
,
157
,
160
,
166
,
170
,
545
,
554
,
561
,
575
,
719
,
840

Western European Union (WEU),
261
,
633
,
746 – 7
,
847

Wiesel, Elie,
451
,
859

William I (also Wilhelm I) (1797– 1888):
king of Prussia (1861 – 1888);
kaiser of Germany (1871 – 1888),
134
,
186
,
192
,
196
,
198
,
200
,
529
,
608

William I of Orange (William the Silent) (1533 – 1584): Dutch general and statesman;
founded Dutch Republic;
first stadholder of Holland (1579 – 1584);
assassinated,
107
,
132
,
142
,
492

William III (1650 – 1702): king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1689 – 1702),
124 – 6
,
128
,
138
,
166
,
177

Wilson, (Thomas) Woodrow (1856 – 1924): U.S. president (1913 – 1921),
31
,
35
,
213
,
243
,
280
,
281
,
334
,
367 – 410
,
475 – 6
,
478
,
573 – 9
,
631
,
637
,
659
,
661 – 2
,
782
,
852
,
854
,
856 – 7
,
900

Wolff, Christian (1679 – 1754): German political philosopher,
528 – 35
,
537

World Bank: international institution devoted to economic improvement of underdeveloped world,
255 – 6
,
364
,
383
,
754
,
766
,
776
,
800

World Trade Organization (WTO),
255
,
316
,
337
,
728
,
813

World War I (1914 – 1919),
24
,
26 – 7
,
31 – 2
,
34 – 5
,
37
,
40
,
63
,
110
,
203
,
213
,
216
,
247
,
283
,
293
,
355
,
383
,
452
,
603
,
631
,
662
,
692
,
831
,
840
,
877

World War II,
16
,
24
,
26
,
33
,
35 – 6
,
43 – 4
,
46
,
48
,
146
,
222
,
263
,
400
,
418
,
698
,
789
,
830
,
833
,
890
,
895 – 6
,
899

Yugoslav National Army (JNA),
418 – 22
,
427 – 8
,
430 – 1
,
433
,
438
,
441 – 4
,
459

Yugoslav Wars: First, in Slovenia (1991);
Second, in Croatia (1991 – 1992);
Third, in Bosnia (1992 – 1995);
and Fourth, in Kosovo (1999),
432
,
481
,
805

Zepa: U.N. declared “safe area” in Bosnia,
416
,
424
,
426
,
436
,
442
,
450

Zimmermann, Warren,
464
,
858
,
900

Zollverein: nineteenth-century German economic union,
470

Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to reprint previoulsy published material:

Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC:
poem “May 24, 1980” from
TO Urania
by Joseph Brodsky. copyright ©1988 by Joseph Brodsky. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, straus and Giroux, LLC.

Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC and Faber and Faber Ltd.:
poems “Homage to Government” and “MCMXIV” from
Collected Poems
by Philip Larkin. Copyright © 1988, 1989 by the Estate of Philip Larkin. Rights outside the United States administered by Faber and Faber Ltd. London. Reprinted by permission of Faber and Faber Ltd. and Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC.